Background : An enhancement in recall of simple instructions is found when actions are performed in comparison to when they are verbally presented – the subject-performed task effect. This enhancement has also been found with older adults. However, the reason why older adults, known to present a deficit in episodic memory, have a better performance for this type of information remains unclear. In this article, we explored this effect by comparing the performance on the SPT task with the performance on (...) other tasks, in order to understand the underlying mechanisms that may explain this effect. Objective : We hypothesized that both young and older adult groups should show higher recall in SPT compared with the verbal learning condition, and that the differences between age groups should be lower in the SPT condition. We aimed to explore the correlations between these tasks and known neuropsychological tests, and we also measured source memory for the encoding condition. Design : A mixed design was used with 30 healthy older adults, comparing their performance with 30 healthy younger adults. Each participant was asked to perform 16 simple instructions and to only read the other 16 instructions. The test phase included a free recall task. Participants were also tested with a set of neuropsychological measures. Results : The SPT effect was found for both age groups; but even for SPT materials, group differences in recall persisted. Source memory was found to be preserved for the two groups. Simple correlations suggested differences in correlates of SPT performance between the two groups. However, when controlling for age, the SPT and VT tasks correlate with each other, and a measure of episodic memory correlated moderately with both SPT and VT performance. Conclusions : A strong effect of SPT was observed for all but one, which still displayed the expected aging deficit. The correlations and source memory data suggest that the SPT and VT are possibly related in respect to their underlying processes, and SPT, instead of being an isolated process, is in connection with both the episodic memory and executive function processes. Under these circumstances, the SPT seems to contribute to an enhancement of the episodic memory trace, presumably from the multimodality it provides, without involving a separated set of cognitive mechanisms. Future research using more pure measures of other cognitive processes that could be related to SPT is necessary. Keywords : aging; subject performed task; memory for actions; episodic memory Responsible Editor: Mathieu Hainselin, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, France. (shrink)

Civility is formed by social norms that guide our behavior and allow us to interact appropriately with others. These norms affect everyone and are learned through the socialization process. However, in the same process, people also learn gender norms that dictate how men and women should behave, leading to gender stereotypes and differentiated behavioral characteristics. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between gender and civility, and how we react to those who behave uncivilly given their gender. (...) The results of Study 1 showed that even in a fictional and gender-neutral society, uncivil behaviors were associated with stereotypically masculine characteristics, and those who behaved uncivilly were dehumanized. In Study 2, gender differences were observed in incivility. Women were harsher when facing uncivil transgressors than men, especially if the transgressor was another woman. Our findings support the notion that gender norms are applied to civility, leading those supposedly equal social norms to unequal perceptions and evaluations. (shrink)

Esta é uma pesquisa sobre representação temática de folhetos de cordel, utilizando a o Percurso Gerativo de Sentido e seus processos. O objetivo geral é propor a aplicação da análise de assunto - leitura técnica e extração de conceitos - em cordéis de J. Borges, com base nos procedimentos semânticos de tematização e figurativização do percurso gerativo de sentido. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo documental com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como lócus, o Memorial J. Borges. O corpus da pesquisa foi (...) constituído por 10 títulos de cordéis, dos 48 títulos disponíveis no Memorial, tendo como critério de escolha, as obras mais citadas de J. Borges, nos diferentes meios de comunicação. A análise dos cordéis escolhidos foi realizada da seguinte forma: a) leitura integral dos cordéis; b) identificação das figuras; c) reprodução da sextilha, setilha ou décima onde a figura foi identificada, no quadro referente à obra; d) enquadramento da figura ao tema pertinente. Os resultados apontam que a utilização dos procedimentos de tematização e figurativização do percurso gerativo de sentido em conjunto com a análise de assunto, possibilitou resultados satisfatórios nas ações de leitura técnica e extração de conceitos que, por sua vez, trará eficiência e qualidade no processo da representação temática. (shrink)

O conceito de Ontologia apresenta vários contornos no universo filosófico, seja na tradição analítica ou continental, mas quando entramos nas Ciências Sociais ele é reduzido basicamente a uma abordagem fenomenológica. Esse artigo tem por objetivo compreender esse traço fenomenológico nas Ciências Sociais, além de apontar para outros caminhos no horizonte, principalmente usando a Ontologia Orientada ao Objeto de Graham Harman, assim como outros autores dessa tradição contemporânea. Embora famosa no campo filosófico, ela ainda é muito desconhecida na Teoria Social, o (...) que abre um espaço novo de debates, questionamentos e muitas novas articulações. (shrink)

O terceiro-instruído: Ontofenomenologia e educação em Michel Serres Resumo: O terceiro-instruído: Ontofenomenologia e educação em Michel Serres é um estudo que visa compreender a relevância do pensamento ontofenomênico, epistemológico e educacional de Michel Serres para a implementação dessas categorias filosóficas: contrato natural e terceira-instrução. Nesse sentido, a importância da educação, comparada com a ontofenomenologia e a epistemologia, tornar-se-á maior e mais importante.Palavras-chave: Ontofenomenologia; Epistemologia; Educação; Michel Serres. The third-instructed: Ontophenomenology and education in Michel Serres: The third-instructed: Ontophenomenology and education in (...) Michel Serres is a study which focus on understanding the relevance of ontophenomenal, epistemological and educational Serres’s thought for the implementation of these philosophical categories: natural contract and third-instruction. Therefore, the materiality of education comparing to ontophenomenology and epistemology will become greater and principal.Keywords: Ontophenomenology; Epistemology; Education; Michel Serres. Le tiers-instruit: Ontophénoménologie et éducation à Michel Serres Resumé: Le tiers-instruit: Ontophénoménologie et éducation à Michel Serres est une étude qui vise à comprendre la pertinence de la pensée ontophénoménal, épistémologique et éducatif de l’auteur pour accomplir ces catégories philosophiques: contrat naturel et tierce-instruction. Donc, par rapport à ontophénoménologie et à épistémologie, l’importance de l´éducation deviendra plus grand et plus importante.Mots-clés: Ontophénoménologie; Épistémologie; Éducation; Michel Serres.Data de registro: 06/10/2020Data de aceite: 25/11/2020. (shrink)

This article aims to highlight the theoretical and philosophical debate on hospitality underlining the normative elements of framing migrants and refugees as individual agents in the light of hospitality theory and migration governance. It argued the critiques of the neo-Kantian hospitality approach and the EU welcome culture with regard to refugees in the EU from a philosophical perspective. The “No human being is illegal” motto is proposed to be conceived as a principle of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The (...) cosmopolitan right to visit and the universal right to reside were discussed in the context of human rights and co-responsibility. Linking the hospitality approach with migration governance enables the reconstruction of reception policies and practices, diversification of non-state actors that engage in migration governance mechanism, and polarization of political initiatives (e.g., politics of allocation and dispersal, readmission negotiations, convergence/divergence of priorities and strategic interests). The research findings highlight that the EU adopted a neo-Kantian hospitality approach that combines both “co-responsibility” and “vertical/heterarchical relations.” The EU’s “New Pact on Migration and Asylum” was considered proof of how the EU follows neo-Kantian hospitality that is manifested in dualism and contradictory approach. The study presents a typology that splits co-responsibility into individual/institutional actions and human rights/migration governance. (shrink)

Phillips & Silverstein (P&S, 2003) propose that NMDA-receptor dysfunction may be the fundamental neurobiological mechanism underlying and associating impaired holistic perception and cognitive coordination with schizophrenic psychopathology. We discuss how the P&S hypothesis shares different aspects of the weak central coherence account of autism from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Specifically, we believe that neither those persons with autism nor those with schizophrenia integrate visuo-perceptual information efficiently, resulting in incongruous internal representations of their external world. However, although NMDA-hypofunction may be (...) responsible for perceptual impairments in schizophrenia and possibly autism, we suggest that it is highly unlikely that NMDA-hypofunction is specifically responsible for the autistic behavioral symptomology, as described by P&S in their target article. (shrink)

We propose communication pattern logic. A communication pattern describes how processes or agents inform each other, independently of the information content. The full-information protocol in distributed computing is the special case wherein all agents inform each other. We study this protocol in distributed computing models where communication might fail: an agent is certain about the messages it receives, but it may be uncertain about the messages other agents have received. In a dynamic epistemic logic with distributed knowledge and with modalities (...) for communication patterns, the latter are interpreted by updating Kripke models. We propose an axiomatization of communication pattern logic, and we show that collective bisimilarity (comparing models on their distributed knowledge) is preserved when updating models with communication patterns. We can also interpret communication patterns by updating simplicial complexes, a well-known topological framework for distributed computing. We show that the different semantics correspond, and propose collective bisimulation between simplicial complexes. (shrink)

In this essay, a brief analysis of the diplomatic efforts to achieve an accord in re- lation to the climatic change process is made. Particularly, it will analyze the two past Climate Summits (Copenhagen and Cancun). It emphasizes the growing social articulation of climatic politics. Finally, it aims to the birth of a new global responsibility of societies in relation to the human relation towards the planet. Also, it explores the impact of this responsibility on the environment global changes.

Most model checking techniques for security protocols make a number of simplifying assumptions on the protocol and/or on its execution environment that greatly complicate or even prevent their applicability in some important cases. For instance, most techniques assume that communication between honest principals is controlled by a Dolev-Yao intruder, i.e. a malicious agent capable to overhear, divert, and fake messages. Yet we might be interested in establishing the security of a protocol that relies on a less unsecure channel (e.g. a (...) confidential channel provided by some other protocol sitting lower in the protocol stack). In this paper we propose a general model for security protocols based on the set-rewriting formalism that, coupled with the use of LTL, allows for the specification of assumptions on principals and communication channels as well as of complex security properties that are normally not handled by state-of-the-art security protocol analysers. By using our approach we have been able to formalise all the assumptions required by the ASW protocol for optimistic fair exchange and some of its key security properties. Besides the previously reported attacks on the protocol, we report a new attack on a patched version of the protocol. (shrink)

The complete description of the interaction between an external electromagnetic field and a charged particle causing it to radiate is one of the most fundamental problems in classical electrodynamics. Here we provide a simple coupled model that describes via the Lagrangian of the physical system the full radiation reaction process resulting from the particle–field interactions which simulate the electromagnetic ones. The particle and field evolution equations obtained from the Lagrangian are studied as an initial value problem giving rise to the (...) particle's radiation reaction equation, which includes the complete interaction with the field. Using stability theory we analyze this equation and prove that every solution is global uniform asymptotically stable, evidencing that the particle coupled to the field radiates. The model proves to be interesting, for it clearly illustrates the particle–field interaction process and shows the radiation's origin. (shrink)

La búsqueda de justificación epistémica para los presupuestos metodológicos y axiológicos más básicos de la ciencia ha de enfrentarse al trilema de Agrippa. Se argumenta que la regresión al infinito -aun si esta regresión es solo potencial- y la circularidad no son las mejores alternativas del trilema y que el mejor disyunto es un dogmatismo minimalista, siendo uno de sus dogmas el siguiente condicional: Si nuestros presupuestos metodológicos y axiológicos más básicos de carácter científico fuesen los correctos, entonces las teorías (...) científicas seleccionadas por estos presupuestos serían probable, o aproximadamente, verdaderas. The search of epistemic justification for the most basic methodological and axiological presuppositions of science has to deal with Agrippa's trilemma.It is argued that infinite regress - even if it is only a potential regress - and circularity are not the best alternatives of the trilemma and that the best disjunct is a minimalist dogmatism, with the following conditional, as one of its dogmas: If our most basic methodological and axiological scientific presuppositions were the correct ones, then the scientific theories selected by these presuppositions would be the probably, or the approximately, true ones. (shrink)

O estudo avaliou a influência da raiva e da expressão de empatia no casamento sobre a satisfação conjugal. Participaram da pesquisa 120 pessoas casadas, com idades de 25 a 76 anos. Para avaliação foram utilizados três instrumentos de autoinforme: Questionário de Empatia Conjugal; Escala de Satisfaçã.

En las últimas décadas un sector de la Iglesia católica latinoamericana ha impulsado la idea de conformar una Iglesia con rostro indígena, en la cual los indígenas se incorporen a la estructura eclesiástica a través de algunos cargos como catequista o diácono. Algunos incluso han propuesto la ordenación de sacerdotes indígenas que, de acuerdo a la cosmovisión de los indígenas, deben ser casados. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo revisar, desde la perspectiva de la historización de los conceptos propuesta por (...) Ellacuría, el aporte teóricopráctico realizados por la Compañía de Jesús, en particular tres religiosos ignacianos —Xavier Albó, Manuel Marzal y Bartomeu Melià— a dicho proceso. Como se verá a lo largo del texto, ha sido un camino lleno de avances y retrocesos. En el ámbito teórico, los jesuitas han defendido la idea de que la inculturación es el mejor camino para que la Iglesia logre una verdadera inserción en la realidad de las comunidades indígenas. En el terreno práctico se explora la experiencia de los diáconos indígenas en dos regiones: en la zona aymara de los Andes —especialmente en Bolivia— y en la Misión de Bachajón, Chiapas. Ambas experiencias con resultados disimiles, pero que enriquecen el caminar de la Iglesia con rostro indígena. (shrink)